Despite electric power steering becoming the standard in recent years, hydraulic power steering systems are still an integral part of modern cars. They provide drivers with a smoother and more responsive driving experience by assisting in the turning of the steering wheel. In this guide, we will discuss how hydraulic power steering systems work and what components make up an average power steering system.
How Hydraulic Power Steering Systems Work:
Hydraulic power steering systems use hydraulic fluid to assist in turning the steering wheel. The hydraulic fluid is stored in a reservoir and pumped by a power steering pump, which is usually driven by a belt connected to the engine. The pump generates pressure that forces the hydraulic fluid through hoses and into a cylinder that is connected to the steering gear.
The steering rack is a mechanical system that converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the lateral motion needed to turn the wheels. The steering rack is connected to the steering tie rods, which help turn the wheels in the direction the driver wants to go. By controlling the amount of hydraulic fluid that flows through the steering cylinder, the power steering system can assist the driver in turning the steering wheel.
Parts of an Average Power Steering System
Before we dive into troubleshooting hydraulic power steering systems, it’s important to have a basic understanding of the components that make up an average power steering system. A typical power steering system is made up of several key components that work together to assist with steering control.
In this section, we’ll discuss the various parts of a power steering system and their functions. By understanding the role of each component, we can better understand how the system works and how to troubleshoot any issues that may arise.
Power Steering Pump
The power steering pump is typically located on the engine and is responsible for generating pressure to move hydraulic fluid through the system. There are two main types of power steering pumps: vane pumps and gear pumps. Vane pumps are more commonly used in modern cars because they are quieter and more efficient than gear pumps.
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Hydraulic Hoses
Hydraulic hoses carry the pressurized fluid from the pump to the steering gear and back. These hoses need to be strong and durable to withstand the high pressure and temperature of the hydraulic fluid.
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Steering Rack
The steering gear is a mechanical system that converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the lateral motion needed to turn the wheels. The steering gear can be a rack and pinion system or a recirculating ball system.
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Reservoir
The reservoir holds the hydraulic fluid and keeps it at the proper level. The reservoir can be made of plastic or metal and is usually located near the power steering pump.
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Power Steering Fluid
Power steering fluid is a specially formulated hydraulic fluid that is designed to withstand the high pressures and temperatures found in power steering systems. Power steering fluid needs to be changed periodically to ensure that the system operates properly.
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How to Diagnose and Fix Power Steering Issues
like all complex mechanical systems, power steering systems can develop problems over time. In this segment, we’ll discuss some common issues that people have with hydraulic power steering systems and how to troubleshoot and fix them.
Low Power Steering Fluid
One of the most common problems with hydraulic power steering systems is low power steering fluid. A low fluid level can cause the power steering pump to overheat and damage the system. To check the power steering fluid level, locate the reservoir and remove the cap. The fluid level should be between the “min” and “max” marks on the dipstick. If the level is low, add the recommended type of power steering fluid until it reaches the proper level.
Leaking Power Steering Hoses
Another common problem with hydraulic power steering systems is leaking power steering hoses. Hydraulic hoses can develop leaks due to wear and tear or damage from road debris. To check for leaking hoses, inspect the hoses for any signs of damage or cracks.
Also, check the hose connections for any signs of leaks. If a hose is leaking, it will need to be replaced. It is important to replace the hose with one that is rated for the specific make and model of the car.
Worn Power Steering Pump
A worn power steering pump can cause the power steering system to make a whining noise. To diagnose a worn power steering pump, start the car and turn the steering wheel from left to right. If the whining noise increases when turning the wheel, it is likely that the power steering pump is worn and needs to be replaced.
Faulty Steering Gear
If the steering feels loose or unresponsive, it could be due to a faulty steering gear. The steering gear can wear over time, causing the steering to become less responsive. To diagnose a faulty steering gear, have a friend turn the steering wheel while you inspect the steering gear for any signs of wear or damage. If the steering gear is faulty, it will need to be replaced.
Air in the Power Steering System
Air in the power steering system can cause the steering to feel stiff or unresponsive. To remove air from the power steering system, start the car and turn the steering wheel from left to right several times.
This will help to circulate the power steering fluid and remove any air bubbles. If the steering still feels stiff, it may be necessary to bleed the power steering system. Bleeding the power steering system involves removing the power steering fluid from the system and replacing it with fresh fluid.
Failed Power Steering Pump
In some cases, the power steering pump may fail completely, causing the steering to become very difficult to turn. If the power steering pump fails, it will need to be replaced. It is important to replace the power steering pump with one that is rated for the specific make and model of the car.
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By understanding the common issues with hydraulic power steering systems and how to troubleshoot and fix them, you can keep your car running smoothly and safely. Remember to always consult the car’s owner’s manual for specific instructions and recommendations for maintenance and repair of the power steering system. For parts and supplies, head over to our store and find high-quality products that will keep your power steering system in perfect working order!
